Human identity: SSO and MFA
Centralize human sign-in where practical—one IdP, enforced MFA, short session lifetimes for high-risk apps. Resist proliferating local user databases per tool; each one becomes a dormant account problem. For OAuth details that bite integrators, see RFC 6749 linked below and our integration patterns article.
Network posture: VPN and beyond
A VPN still makes sense when you need a flat bridge into legacy subnets or when split tunneling risks exfiltration from unmanaged devices. Zero-trust style access—per-application policies, device posture checks—can reduce implicit trust but adds moving parts. Choose based on threat model and admin bandwidth; security proportionality applies.
Service accounts and secrets
Machines should not borrow human passwords. Use scoped tokens, short-lived credentials where available, and a secrets store with rotation runbooks. Document owners: who approves a new token for service X, and who revokes it on exit.
Logging and least privilege
Log authentication failures and administrative changes; keep retention aligned with investigations you actually run. Grant roles narrower than “admin because faster”; periodic access reviews beat annual panic audits.
Further reading
- NIST SP 800-63B — Digital Identity Guidelines (authentication and lifecycle).
- RFC 6749 — OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework.
- OWASP Authentication Cheat Sheet.
- RFC 8446 — TLS 1.3 specification.
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